Pacemaker implantation is a specialized procedure crucial for patients with bradycardia or heart block. It starts with vein access near the collarbone, where leads are carefully guided into the heart chambers.
Once positioned, the pacemaker generator, programmed to match the patient’s needs, is secured in a pocket beneath the skin. This procedure restores proper heart rhythm, ensuring optimal cardiac function and improved quality of life for the recipient.
The patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography.
Anesthesia or sedation is administered to ensure patient comfort during the procedure. Local anesthesia is also applied to the implantation site.
A small incision is made, usually near the collarbone, and a vein (often the subclavian vein) is accessed using a needle and guidewire.
One or more leads (thin, insulated wires) are advanced through the vein and positioned in the appropriate chambers of the heart, typically the right atrium and/or right ventricle.
A pocket is created beneath the skin, typically below the collarbone, where the pacemaker generator will be implanted.
The leads are connected to the pacemaker generator, which is placed in the pocket and secured in position.
The pacemaker function is tested to ensure proper sensing and pacing. The device is then programmed with specific settings tailored to the patient’s needs.
The incision site is closed with sutures or adhesive strips, and a sterile dressing is applied to promote healing.
Pacemaker implantation is primarily performed by cardiologists, cardiac electrophysiologists, and cardiac surgeons. Additionally, anesthesiologists play a crucial role in providing sedation or anesthesia during the procedure.
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